diff --git a/.changelog/23599.txt b/.changelog/23599.txt
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..210bb159c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.changelog/23599.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+```release-note:bug
+windows: Fix bug with containers capabilities on Docker CE
+```
diff --git a/drivers/docker/driver.go b/drivers/docker/driver.go
index ea59e5b3a..534ee1b62 100644
--- a/drivers/docker/driver.go
+++ b/drivers/docker/driver.go
@@ -1109,9 +1109,20 @@ func (d *Driver) createContainerConfig(task *drivers.TaskConfig, driverConfig *T
 	}
 	hostConfig.Privileged = driverConfig.Privileged
 
+	// get docker client info (we need to know the runtime to adjust
+	// OS-specific capabilities)
+	client, err := d.getDockerClient()
+	if err != nil {
+		return c, err
+	}
+	ver, err := client.Version()
+	if err != nil {
+		return c, err
+	}
+
 	// set add/drop capabilities
 	if hostConfig.CapAdd, hostConfig.CapDrop, err = capabilities.Delta(
-		capabilities.DockerDefaults(), d.config.AllowCaps, driverConfig.CapAdd, driverConfig.CapDrop,
+		capabilities.DockerDefaults(ver), d.config.AllowCaps, driverConfig.CapAdd, driverConfig.CapDrop,
 	); err != nil {
 		return c, err
 	}
diff --git a/drivers/docker/driver_test.go b/drivers/docker/driver_test.go
index 7359656f6..6a4868697 100644
--- a/drivers/docker/driver_test.go
+++ b/drivers/docker/driver_test.go
@@ -24,7 +24,6 @@ import (
 	"github.com/hashicorp/nomad/client/lib/numalib"
 	"github.com/hashicorp/nomad/client/taskenv"
 	"github.com/hashicorp/nomad/client/testutil"
-	"github.com/hashicorp/nomad/drivers/shared/capabilities"
 	"github.com/hashicorp/nomad/helper/pluginutils/hclspecutils"
 	"github.com/hashicorp/nomad/helper/pluginutils/hclutils"
 	"github.com/hashicorp/nomad/helper/pluginutils/loader"
@@ -197,13 +196,6 @@ func dockerDriverHarness(t *testing.T, cfg map[string]interface{}) *dtestutil.Dr
 		}
 	}
 
-	// If on windows, "allow" (don't attempt to drop) linux capabilities.
-	// https://github.com/hashicorp/nomad/issues/15181
-	// TODO: this should instead get fixed properly in capabilities package.
-	if _, ok := cfg["allow_caps"]; !ok && runtime.GOOS == "windows" {
-		cfg["allow_caps"] = capabilities.DockerDefaults().Slice(false)
-	}
-
 	plugLoader, err := loader.NewPluginLoader(&loader.PluginLoaderConfig{
 		Logger:            logger,
 		PluginDir:         "./plugins",
diff --git a/drivers/docker/driver_windows.go b/drivers/docker/driver_windows.go
index 8c2ab3175..8ac5aa7b2 100644
--- a/drivers/docker/driver_windows.go
+++ b/drivers/docker/driver_windows.go
@@ -16,10 +16,6 @@ func getPortBinding(ip string, port string) docker.PortBinding {
 	return docker.PortBinding{HostIP: "", HostPort: port}
 }
 
-func tweakCapabilities(basics, adds, drops []string) ([]string, error) {
-	return nil, nil
-}
-
 var containerAdminErrMsg = "running container as ContainerAdmin is unsafe; change the container user, set task configuration to privileged or enable windows_allow_insecure_container_admin to disable this check"
 
 func validateImageUser(user, taskUser string, taskDriverConfig *TaskConfig, driverConfig *DriverConfig) error {
diff --git a/drivers/shared/capabilities/defaults.go b/drivers/shared/capabilities/defaults.go
index 31fd3869d..bca4cc6ca 100644
--- a/drivers/shared/capabilities/defaults.go
+++ b/drivers/shared/capabilities/defaults.go
@@ -29,17 +29,6 @@ func NomadDefaults() *Set {
 	return New(extractLiteral.FindAllString(HCLSpecLiteral, -1))
 }
 
-// DockerDefaults is a list of Linux capabilities enabled by Docker by default
-// and is used to compute the set of capabilities to add/drop given docker driver
-// configuration.
-//
-// https://docs.docker.com/engine/reference/run/#runtime-privilege-and-linux-capabilities
-func DockerDefaults() *Set {
-	defaults := NomadDefaults()
-	defaults.Add("NET_RAW")
-	return defaults
-}
-
 // Supported returns the set of capabilities supported by the operating system.
 //
 // This set will expand over time as new capabilities are introduced to the kernel
diff --git a/drivers/shared/capabilities/defaults_default.go b/drivers/shared/capabilities/defaults_default.go
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..8ff94454f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/drivers/shared/capabilities/defaults_default.go
@@ -0,0 +1,19 @@
+// Copyright (c) HashiCorp, Inc.
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: MPL-2.0
+
+//go:build !windows
+
+package capabilities
+
+import docker "github.com/fsouza/go-dockerclient"
+
+// DockerDefaults is a list of Linux capabilities enabled by Docker by default
+// and is used to compute the set of capabilities to add/drop given docker driver
+// configuration.
+//
+// https://docs.docker.com/engine/reference/run/#runtime-privilege-and-linux-capabilities
+func DockerDefaults(info *docker.Env) *Set {
+	defaults := NomadDefaults()
+	defaults.Add("NET_RAW")
+	return defaults
+}
diff --git a/drivers/shared/capabilities/defaults_test.go b/drivers/shared/capabilities/defaults_test.go
index 40b0ee8fb..4f461b583 100644
--- a/drivers/shared/capabilities/defaults_test.go
+++ b/drivers/shared/capabilities/defaults_test.go
@@ -26,7 +26,7 @@ func TestSet_NomadDefaults(t *testing.T) {
 func TestSet_DockerDefaults(t *testing.T) {
 	ci.Parallel(t)
 
-	result := DockerDefaults()
+	result := DockerDefaults(nil)
 	require.Len(t, result.Slice(false), 14)
 	require.Contains(t, result.String(), "net_raw")
 }
@@ -280,7 +280,7 @@ func TestCaps_Delta(t *testing.T) {
 		},
 	} {
 		t.Run(tc.name, func(t *testing.T) {
-			add, drop, err := Delta(DockerDefaults(), tc.allowCaps, tc.capAdd, tc.capDrop)
+			add, drop, err := Delta(DockerDefaults(nil), tc.allowCaps, tc.capAdd, tc.capDrop)
 			if !tc.skip {
 				require.Equal(t, tc.err, err)
 				require.Equal(t, tc.expAdd, add)
diff --git a/drivers/shared/capabilities/defaults_windows.go b/drivers/shared/capabilities/defaults_windows.go
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..56a97e22e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/drivers/shared/capabilities/defaults_windows.go
@@ -0,0 +1,33 @@
+// Copyright (c) HashiCorp, Inc.
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: MPL-2.0
+
+//go:build windows
+
+package capabilities
+
+import (
+	"strings"
+
+	docker "github.com/fsouza/go-dockerclient"
+)
+
+// DockerDefaults is a list of Windows capabilities enabled by Docker by default
+// and is used to compute the set of capabilities to add/drop given docker driver
+// configuration.
+//
+// Doing this on windows is somewhat tricky, because capabilities differ by
+// runtime, so we have to perform some extra checks.
+func DockerDefaults(ver *docker.Env) *Set {
+	defaults := NomadDefaults()
+
+	// Docker CE doesn't include NET_RAW on Windows, Mirantis (aka Docker EE) does
+	var platform string
+	if ver != nil {
+		platform = ver.Get("Platform")
+	}
+	if strings.Contains(platform, "Mirantis") {
+		defaults.Add("NET_RAW")
+	}
+
+	return defaults
+}