WIP

.travis.yml

@@ -6,21 +6,18 @@ rvm:
   - 2.3
   - 2.4
   - 2.5
-  - &latest_ruby 2.6
   - ruby-head
   - jruby-head
 #  - rbx-2
 
+sudo: false
+
 addons:
   apt:
     packages:
     - libgmp3-dev
 
 matrix:
-  include:
-    - rvm: *latest_ruby
-      script: bundle exec rake memory_profile:run
-      name: Profiling Memory Usage
   allow_failures:
     - rvm: ruby-head
     - rvm: jruby-head

Gemfile

@@ -5,10 +5,10 @@ end
 
 gemspec
 
+
 group :benchmark, :test do
   gem 'benchmark-ips'
   gem 'memory_profiler'
-  gem 'terminal-table'
 
   install_if -> { RUBY_PLATFORM !~ /mingw|mswin|java/ } do
     gem 'stackprof'
@@ -17,8 +17,11 @@ end
 
 group :test do
   gem 'rubocop', '~> 0.53.0'
+  gem 'awesome_print'
+  gem 'pry'
+  gem 'byebug'
 
   platform :mri do
-    gem 'liquid-c', github: 'Shopify/liquid-c', ref: 'liquid-tag'
+    gem 'liquid-c', github: 'Shopify/liquid-c', ref: '9168659de45d6d576fce30c735f857e597fa26f6'
   end
 end

Rakefile

@@ -45,6 +45,17 @@ task :test do
   end
 end
 
+desc 'runs the test suite using the superfluid compiler'
+Rake::TestTask.new(:test_superfluid) do |t|
+  t.libs << '.' << 'lib' << 'test'
+  t.test_files = FileList['test/integration/**/*_test.rb']
+  t.verbose = false
+
+  ENV['LIQUID_PARSER_MODE'] = 'strict'
+  ENV['LIQUID-C'] = '1'
+  ENV['SUPERFLUID'] = '1'
+end
+
 task gem: :build
 task :build do
   system "gem build liquid.gemspec"
@@ -71,6 +82,11 @@ namespace :benchmark do
   task :strict do
     ruby "./performance/benchmark.rb strict"
   end
+
+  desc "Run the liquid benchmark with strict parsing"
+  task :superfluid do
+    ruby "./performance/benchmark.rb superfluid"
+  end
 end
 
 namespace :profile do

lib/liquid/block_body.rb

@@ -1,7 +1,6 @@
 module Liquid
   class BlockBody
-    LiquidTagToken = /\A\s*(\w+)\s*(.*?)\z/o
+    FullToken = /\A#{TagStart}#{WhitespaceControl}?\s*(\w+)\s*(.*?)#{WhitespaceControl}?#{TagEnd}\z/om
-    FullToken = /\A#{TagStart}#{WhitespaceControl}?(\s*)(\w+)(\s*)(.*?)#{WhitespaceControl}?#{TagEnd}\z/om
     ContentOfVariable = /\A#{VariableStart}#{WhitespaceControl}?(.*?)#{WhitespaceControl}?#{VariableEnd}\z/om
     WhitespaceOrNothing = /\A\s*\z/
     TAGSTART = "{%".freeze
@@ -14,42 +13,8 @@ module Liquid
       @blank = true
     end
 
-    def parse(tokenizer, parse_context, &block)
+    def parse(tokenizer, parse_context)
       parse_context.line_number = tokenizer.line_number
-
-      if tokenizer.for_liquid_tag
-        parse_for_liquid_tag(tokenizer, parse_context, &block)
-      else
-        parse_for_document(tokenizer, parse_context, &block)
-      end
-    end
-
-    private def parse_for_liquid_tag(tokenizer, parse_context)
-      while token = tokenizer.shift
-        unless token.empty? || token =~ WhitespaceOrNothing
-          unless token =~ LiquidTagToken
-            # line isn't empty but didn't match tag syntax, yield and let the
-            # caller raise a syntax error
-            return yield token, token
-          end
-          tag_name = $1
-          markup = $2
-          unless tag = registered_tags[tag_name]
-            # end parsing if we reach an unknown tag and let the caller decide
-            # determine how to proceed
-            return yield tag_name, markup
-          end
-          new_tag = tag.parse(tag_name, markup, tokenizer, parse_context)
-          @blank &&= new_tag.blank?
-          @nodelist << new_tag
-        end
-        parse_context.line_number = tokenizer.line_number
-      end
-
-      yield nil, nil
-    end
-
-    private def parse_for_document(tokenizer, parse_context, &block)
       while token = tokenizer.shift
         next if token.empty?
         case
@@ -58,20 +23,9 @@ module Liquid
           unless token =~ FullToken
             raise_missing_tag_terminator(token, parse_context)
           end
-          tag_name = $2
+          tag_name = $1
-          markup = $4
+          markup = $2
-
+          # fetch the tag from registered blocks
-          if parse_context.line_number
-            # newlines inside the tag should increase the line number,
-            # particularly important for multiline {% liquid %} tags
-            parse_context.line_number += $1.count("\n".freeze) + $3.count("\n".freeze)
-          end
-
-          if tag_name == 'liquid'.freeze
-            liquid_tag_tokenizer = Tokenizer.new(markup, line_number: parse_context.line_number, for_liquid_tag: true)
-            next parse_for_liquid_tag(liquid_tag_tokenizer, parse_context, &block)
-          end
-
           unless tag = registered_tags[tag_name]
             # end parsing if we reach an unknown tag and let the caller decide
             # determine how to proceed
@@ -143,7 +97,7 @@ module Liquid
         end
         idx += 1
 
-        raise_if_resource_limits_reached(context, output.bytesize - previous_output_size)
+        context.raise_if_resource_limits_reached(output.bytesize - previous_output_size)
       end
 
       output
@@ -160,12 +114,6 @@ module Liquid
       output << context.handle_error(e, line_number)
     end
 
-    def raise_if_resource_limits_reached(context, length)
-      context.resource_limits.render_length += length
-      return unless context.resource_limits.reached?
-      raise MemoryError.new("Memory limits exceeded".freeze)
-    end
-
     def create_variable(token, parse_context)
       token.scan(ContentOfVariable) do |content|
         markup = content.first

lib/liquid/condition.rb

@@ -29,7 +29,7 @@ module Liquid
       @@operators
     end
 
-    attr_reader :attachment, :child_condition
+    attr_reader :attachment, :child_condition, :child_relation
     attr_accessor :left, :operator, :right
 
     def initialize(left = nil, operator = nil, right = nil)
@@ -81,10 +81,6 @@ module Liquid
       "#<Condition #{[@left, @operator, @right].compact.join(' '.freeze)}>"
     end
 
-    protected
-
-    attr_reader :child_relation
-
     private
 
     def equal_variables(left, right)

lib/liquid/context.rb

@@ -20,17 +20,31 @@ module Liquid
       @scopes           = [(outer_scope || {})]
       @registers        = registers
       @errors           = []
-      @interrupts       = []
-      @filters          = []
-      @global_filter    = nil
       @partial          = false
       @strict_variables = false
       @resource_limits  = resource_limits || ResourceLimits.new(Template.default_resource_limits)
+      squash_instance_assigns_with_environments
+
+      @this_stack_used = false
 
       self.exception_renderer = Template.default_exception_renderer
-      self.exception_renderer = ->(e) { raise } if rethrow_errors
+      if rethrow_errors
+        self.exception_renderer = ->(e) { raise }
+      end
 
-      squash_instance_assigns_with_environments
+      @interrupts = []
+      @filters = []
+      @global_filter = nil
+    end
+
+    def raise_argument_error(message)
+      raise Liquid::ArgumentError, message
+    end
+
+    def raise_if_resource_limits_reached(length)
+      resource_limits.render_length += length
+      return unless resource_limits.reached?
+      raise MemoryError.new("Memory limits exceeded".freeze)
     end
 
     def warnings
@@ -83,9 +97,9 @@ module Liquid
     end
 
     # Push new local scope on the stack. use <tt>Context#stack</tt> instead
-    def push
+    def push(new_scope = {})
-      @scopes.unshift({})
+      @scopes.unshift(new_scope)
-      raise StackLevelError, "Nesting too deep".freeze if @scopes.length > (Block::MAX_DEPTH + 1)
+      raise StackLevelError, "Nesting too deep".freeze if @scopes.length > Block::MAX_DEPTH
     end
 
     # Merge a hash of variables in the current local scope
@@ -107,15 +121,31 @@ module Liquid
     #   end
     #
     #   context['var]  #=> nil
-    def stack
+    def stack(new_scope = nil)
-      push
+      old_stack_used = @this_stack_used
+      if new_scope
+        push(new_scope)
+        @this_stack_used = true
+      else
+        @this_stack_used = false
+      end
+
       yield
     ensure
-      pop
+      pop if @this_stack_used
+      @this_stack_used = old_stack_used
+    end
+
+    def clear_instance_assigns
+      @scopes[0] = {}
     end
 
     # Only allow String, Numeric, Hash, Array, Proc, Boolean or <tt>Liquid::Drop</tt>
     def []=(key, value)
+      unless @this_stack_used
+        @this_stack_used = true
+        push({})
+      end
       @scopes[0][key] = value
     end
 
@@ -143,12 +173,27 @@ module Liquid
     def find_variable(key, raise_on_not_found: true)
       # This was changed from find() to find_index() because this is a very hot
       # path and find_index() is optimized in MRI to reduce object allocation
+      index = @scopes.find_index { |s| s.key?(key) }
+      scope = @scopes[index] if index
 
-      scope = (index = @scopes.find_index { |s| s.key?(key)  }) && @scopes[index]
+      variable = nil
-      scope ||= (index = @environments.find_index { |s| s.key?(key) }) && @environments[index]
-      scope ||= {}
 
-      variable = lookup_and_evaluate(scope, key, raise_on_not_found: raise_on_not_found).to_liquid
+      if scope.nil?
+        @environments.each do |e|
+          variable = lookup_and_evaluate(e, key, raise_on_not_found: raise_on_not_found)
+          # When lookup returned a value OR there is no value but the lookup also did not raise
+          # then it is the value we are looking for.
+          if !variable.nil? || @strict_variables && raise_on_not_found
+            scope = e
+            break
+          end
+        end
+      end
+
+      scope ||= @environments.last || @scopes.last
+      variable ||= lookup_and_evaluate(scope, key, raise_on_not_found: raise_on_not_found)
+
+      variable = variable.to_liquid
       variable.context = self if variable.respond_to?(:context=)
 
       variable

lib/liquid/range_lookup.rb

@@ -15,6 +15,8 @@ module Liquid
       @end_obj = end_obj
     end
 
+    attr_reader :start_obj, :end_obj
+
     def evaluate(context)
       start_int = to_integer(context.evaluate(@start_obj))
       end_int = to_integer(context.evaluate(@end_obj))

lib/liquid/superfluid.rb

@@ -0,0 +1,632 @@
+require 'ap'
+
+require 'pry'
+
+require 'stackprof'
+
+AwesomePrint.defaults = {
+  raw: true
+}
+
+module Liquid
+  Liquid::BlockBody.class_eval do
+    def render_to_output_buffer(context, output)
+
+      ruby = Compiler.compile(@nodelist)
+      
+      if false
+        puts
+        puts "--------------------------- GENERATED RUBY -"
+        line_number = 1
+        puts(ruby.lines.map do |line|
+          "#{line_number}\t#{line}".tap { line_number += 1}
+        end)
+        puts "--------------------------- /GENERATED RUBY -"
+      end
+
+      instructions = RubyVM::InstructionSequence.compile(ruby)
+
+      output_io = StringIO.new
+      instructions.eval.call(output_io, context, Condition)
+
+      output << output_io.string
+    end
+  end
+
+  class SuperfluidError < Exception
+  end
+
+  class Output
+    attr_reader :string, :indent_level
+
+    def initialize(initial_indent)
+      @string = ''.dup
+      @indent_level = initial_indent
+      @indent_str = " " * initial_indent * 2
+    end
+
+    def line(string)
+      @string << @indent_str << string << "\n"
+    end
+
+    def echo(string)
+      output << "liquid_out.write(to_output(#{string}))"
+    end
+
+    def indent(&block)
+      output.indent(&block)
+    end
+
+    def indent
+      @indent_level += 1
+      @indent_str = " " * @indent_level * 2
+      yield
+      @indent_level -= 1
+      @indent_str = " " * @indent_level * 2
+    end
+  end
+
+  class Compiler
+    class << self
+      def compile(template)
+        compiler = new
+        compiler.compile(template)
+        compiler.ruby
+      end
+    end
+
+    def initialize
+      @variables = Set.new
+      @output = Output.new(2)
+      @blank = false
+    end
+
+    def ruby
+      [
+        header,
+        @output.string,
+        trailer
+      ].join("\n")
+    end
+
+
+    def header
+      <<~RUBY
+      module Warning
+        def warn(*)
+        end
+      end
+
+      class ForloopDrop
+        def initialize(name, length, parentloop)
+          @name = name
+          @length = length
+          @parentloop = parentloop
+          @index = 0
+        end
+
+        attr_accessor :parentloop
+
+        def [](value)
+          case value
+          when "length"
+            @length
+          when "name"
+            @name
+          when "index"
+            @index + 1
+          when "index0"
+            @index
+          when "rindex"
+            @length - @index
+          when "rindex0"
+            @length - @index - 1
+          when "first"
+            @index == 0
+          when "last"
+            @index == @length - 1
+          when "parentloop"
+            @parentloop
+          end
+        end
+
+        def to_liquid
+          self
+        end
+
+        def key?(*)
+          true
+        end
+
+        private
+
+        def increment!
+          @index += 1
+        end
+      end
+
+      def slice_collection(collection, from, limit)
+        to = if limit.nil?
+          nil
+        else
+          limit + from
+        end
+
+        if (from != 0 || !to.nil?) && collection.respond_to?(:load_slice)
+          collection.load_slice(from, to)
+        else
+          slice_collection_using_each(collection, from, to)
+        end
+      end
+
+      def slice_collection_using_each(collection, from, to)
+        segments = []
+        index = 0
+
+        if collection.is_a?(String)
+          return collection.empty? ? [] : [collection]
+        end
+        return [] unless collection.respond_to?(:each)
+
+        collection.each do |item|
+          if to && to <= index
+            break
+          end
+
+          if from <= index
+            segments << item
+          end
+
+          index += 1
+        end
+
+        segments
+      end
+
+      def apply_operator(left, operator, right)
+        if left.respond_to?(operator) && right.respond_to?(operator) && !left.is_a?(Hash) && !right.is_a?(Hash)
+          begin
+            left.send(operator, right)
+          rescue ::ArgumentError => e
+            raise @context.raise_argument_error(e.message)
+          end
+        end
+      end
+
+      def contains?(left, right)
+        if left && right && left.respond_to?(:include?)
+          right = right.to_s if left.is_a?(String)
+          left.include?(right)
+        else
+          false
+        end
+      end
+
+      class GlobalVariableLookup
+        def method_missing(method_name, *)
+          nil
+        end
+
+        def to_output(value)
+          output = if value.is_a?(Array)
+            value.join
+          elsif value == nil
+          else
+            value.to_s
+          end
+          @context.apply_global_filter(output)
+        end
+
+        def run(liquid_out, context, condition)
+          @condition = condition
+          @context = context
+          @for_offsets = {}
+          @cycle_values = {}
+          @context.registers[:for_stack] = []
+          @context.registers[:cycle] ||= {}
+          @if_changed_last = nil
+          @prev_output_size = 0
+          #{hoisted_variables}
+      RUBY
+    end
+
+    def trailer
+      <<~RUBY
+          end
+        end
+        GlobalVariableLookup.new.method(:run)
+      RUBY
+    end
+
+    def hoisted_variables
+      @variables.map do |variable|
+        normal_name = unvar(variable)
+        "#{variable} = @context.find_variable(#{normal_name.inspect}, raise_on_not_found: false)"
+      end.join("\n")
+    end
+
+    def compile(node)
+      old_blank = @blank
+      @blank = if node.respond_to?(:blank?)
+        node.blank?
+      elsif !(node.is_a?(String) && node =~ /\A\s*\z/)
+        false
+      else
+        @blank
+      end
+
+      case node
+      when Liquid::Document, Liquid::BlockBody
+        node.nodelist.collect(&method(:compile))
+      when Array
+        node.collect(&method(:compile))
+      when Liquid::Variable
+        compile_variable(node)
+      when Liquid::For
+        compile_for(node)
+      when Liquid::If
+        compile_if(node)
+      when Liquid::Ifchanged
+        compile_if_changed(node)
+      when Liquid::Template
+        compile(node.root)
+      when Liquid::Assign
+        compile_assign(node)
+      when Liquid::Case
+        compile_case(node)
+      when Liquid::Capture
+        compile_capture(node)
+      when String
+        compile_echo_literal(node)
+      when Liquid::Break
+        line "break" if @in_loop
+      when Liquid::Continue
+        line "next" if @in_loop
+      when Liquid::Cycle
+        compile_cycle(node)
+      when Liquid::Raw
+        compile_raw(node)
+      when Liquid::Increment
+        compile_increment(node)
+      when Liquid::Decrement
+        compile_decrement(node)
+      when Liquid::Comment
+      else
+        raise SuperfluidError, "Unknown node type #{node.inspect}"
+      end
+
+      @blank = old_blank
+    end
+
+    def compile_for(node)
+      variable_name = node.variable_name
+
+      collection_name = node.collection_name
+
+      iter_target_expr = case collection_name
+      when Liquid::VariableLookup
+        make_variable_lookup_expr(collection_name)
+      when Range
+        collection_name
+      when Liquid::RangeLookup
+        start_expr = make_variable_expr(collection_name.start_obj)
+        end_expr = make_variable_expr(collection_name.end_obj)
+        line "start = #{start_expr}"
+        line "@context.raise_argument_error('bad value for range') unless start.respond_to?(:to_i)"
+        line "start = #{start_expr}.to_i"
+
+        line "finish = #{end_expr}"
+        line "@context.raise_argument_error('bad value for range') unless finish.respond_to?(:to_i)"
+        line "finish = #{end_expr}.to_i"
+
+        "start..finish"
+      when Liquid::Expression::MethodLiteral
+        '[]'
+      else
+        raise SuperfluidError, "Unknown iteration target: #{collection_name.inspect}"
+      end
+
+      from_expr = if node.from == :continue
+        "@for_offsets['#{node.name}'].to_i"
+      elsif node.from
+        make_variable_expr(node.from)
+      else
+        '0'
+      end
+
+      limit_expr = node.limit ? make_variable_expr(node.limit) : 'nil'
+      line "from = #{from_expr}"
+      line "limit = #{limit_expr}"
+      line "@context.raise_argument_error('invalid integer') unless from.is_a?(Integer)"
+      line "@context.raise_argument_error('invalid integer') unless !limit || limit.is_a?(Integer)"
+
+      line "segment = slice_collection(#{iter_target_expr}, from, limit)"
+      line "segment.reverse!" if node.reversed
+
+      forloop = var('forloop')
+      hoist_var('forloop')
+      line "#{forloop} = ForloopDrop.new('#{node.name}', segment.length, #{forloop})"
+
+      line "if segment.any?"
+      indent do
+        line "segment.each do |#{var(variable_name)}|"
+          indent do
+            line "@context['forloop'] = #{forloop}"
+
+
+            old_in_loop = @in_loop
+            compile(node.for_block)
+            @in_loop = old_in_loop
+
+            line "#{forloop}.send(:increment!)"
+          end
+        line "end"
+      end
+      line "else"
+      indent do
+        compile(node.else_block) if node.else_block
+      end
+      line "end"
+
+      line "@for_offsets['#{node.name}'] = from + segment.length"
+      line "#{forloop} = #{forloop}.parentloop"
+    end
+
+    def compile_if(node)
+      if_condition = node.blocks.first
+      line "if #{make_condition_expr(if_condition)}"
+      indent { if_condition.attachment.nodelist.each(&method(:compile)) }
+
+      node.blocks.drop(1).each do |condition|
+        if condition.left != nil
+          line "elsif #{make_condition_expr(condition)}"
+        else
+          line "else"
+        end
+        indent { condition.attachment.nodelist.each(&method(:compile)) }
+      end
+
+      line "end"
+    end
+
+    def compile_if_changed(node)
+      line "if_changed = lambda do |; liquid_out|"
+      indent do
+        line "liquid_out = StringIO.new"
+        node.nodelist.each(&method(:compile))
+        line "liquid_out.string"
+      end
+      line "end.call"
+
+      line "if if_changed != @if_changed_last"
+      indent { echo "if_changed" }
+      line "end"
+
+      line "@if_changed_last = if_changed"
+    end
+
+    def compile_capture(node)
+      line "#{var(node.to)} = lambda do |; liquid_out|"
+      hoist_var(node.to)
+      indent do
+        line "liquid_out = StringIO.new"
+        node.nodelist.each(&method(:compile))
+        line "liquid_out.string"
+      end
+      line "end.call"
+    end
+
+    def make_condition_expr(node)
+      condition = make_sub_condition_expr(node)
+      if node.child_condition
+        "(#{condition} #{node.child_relation} #{make_condition_expr(node.child_condition)})"
+      else
+        condition
+      end
+    end
+
+    def make_sub_condition_expr(node)
+      return make_variable_expr(node.left) unless node.operator
+
+      operator = node.operator
+      operator = "!=" if operator == "<>"
+
+      if operator == "=="
+        if node.left.is_a?(Liquid::Expression::MethodLiteral) &&
+          node.right.is_a?(Liquid::Expression::MethodLiteral)
+          return "false"
+        elsif node.right.is_a?(Liquid::Expression::MethodLiteral)
+          target = make_variable_expr(node.left)
+          message = node.right.method_name.inspect
+          return "#{target}.respond_to?(#{message}) ? #{target}.send(#{message}) : nil"
+        elsif node.left.is_a?(Liquid::Expression::MethodLiteral)
+          target = make_variable_expr(node.right)
+          message = node.left.method_name.inspect
+          return "#{target}.respond_to?(#{message}) ? #{target}.send(#{message}) : nil"
+        end
+      end
+
+      left = make_variable_expr(node.left)
+      right = make_variable_expr(node.right)
+
+      case operator
+      when "contains"
+        "contains?(#{left}, #{right})"
+      else
+        "apply_operator(#{left}, #{operator.inspect}, #{right})"
+      end
+    end
+
+    def compile_case(node)
+      line 'if false' # HACK
+      else_nodes, if_nodes = node.blocks.partition { |n| n.is_a?(Liquid::ElseCondition) }
+      raise SuperfluidError, 'Too many else nodes' if else_nodes.count > 1
+      else_node = else_nodes.first
+
+      if_nodes.each do |condition|
+        left = make_variable_expr(condition.left)
+        right = make_variable_expr(condition.right)
+        line "elsif #{left} #{condition.operator} #{right}"
+        indent { condition.attachment.nodelist.each(&method(:compile)) }
+      end
+
+      if else_node
+        line "else"
+        indent { else_node.attachment.nodelist.each(&method(:compile)) }
+      end
+
+      line "end"
+    end
+
+    def compile_cycle(node)
+      key = node.name
+      key = key.name if key.is_a?(Liquid::VariableLookup)
+
+      line "key = #{key.inspect}"
+      line "iteration = context.registers[:cycle][key].to_i"
+      line "@cycle_values[key] ||= #{node.variables}"
+
+      line "val = @cycle_values[key][iteration]"
+      echo 'val'
+      line "context.registers[:cycle][key] = (iteration + 1) % #{node.variables.size}"
+    end
+
+    def compile_raw(node)
+      echo "#{node.body.inspect}"
+    end
+
+    def compile_increment(node)
+      line "value = context.environments.first[#{node.variable.inspect}] ||= 0"
+      line "@context.environments.first[#{node.variable.inspect}] = value + 1"
+      echo "value"
+    end
+
+    def compile_decrement(node)
+      line "value = context.environments.first[#{node.variable.inspect}] ||= 0"
+      line "value -= 1"
+      line "@context.environments.first[#{node.variable.inspect}] = value"
+      echo "value"
+    end
+
+    def compile_echo_literal(node)
+      echo node.inspect
+    end
+
+    def compile_variable(variable)
+      echo make_variable_expr(variable)
+    end
+
+    def compile_assign(node)
+      from_expr = case node.from
+      when Liquid::Variable
+        make_variable_expr(node.from)
+      else
+        raise SuperfluidError, "Unknown assignment `from`: #{node.from.inspect}"
+      end
+
+      line "#{var(node.to)} = #{from_expr}"
+      hoist_var(node.to)
+    end
+
+    def make_variable_expr(variable)
+      case variable
+      when Liquid::Variable
+        base_expression = case variable.name
+        when TrueClass, FalseClass, Numeric, String
+          variable.name.inspect
+        when Liquid::VariableLookup
+          make_variable_lookup_expr(variable.name)
+        when NilClass, Liquid::Expression::MethodLiteral
+          'nil'
+        else
+          raise SuperfluidError, "Invalid variable name: #{variable.name.inspect}"
+          derp "Bad var name", variable.name
+        end
+        variable.filters.inject(base_expression) do |inner, (filter_name, positional_args, keyword_args)|
+          filter_args = positional_args.map(&method(:make_variable_expr))
+
+          if keyword_args
+             filter_args << "{ " + keyword_args
+              .transform_values(&method(:make_variable_expr))
+              .collect { |(key, value)| "#{key.inspect} => #{value}" }
+              .join(", ") + " }"
+          end
+
+          "context.strainer.invoke(#{filter_name.inspect}, #{inner}, *[#{filter_args.join(", ")}])"
+        end
+      when Liquid::VariableLookup
+        make_variable_lookup_expr(variable)
+      when TrueClass, FalseClass, Numeric, String
+        variable.inspect
+      when NilClass
+        'nil'
+      else
+        raise SuperfluidError, "Unknown expression type: #{variable.inspect}"
+      end
+    end
+
+    def make_variable_lookup_expr(variable_lookup)
+      base_expr = var(variable_lookup.name)
+      hoist_var(variable_lookup.name)
+      return base_expr if variable_lookup.lookups.empty?
+      
+      expr = Output.new(output.indent_level)
+      expr.line "(begin"
+      expr.indent do
+        expr.line "inner = #{base_expr}"
+        variable_lookup.lookups.each_with_index do |lookup, i|
+          lookup_expr = lookup.inspect
+          expr.line "inner = if inner.respond_to?(:[]) && ((inner.respond_to?(:key?) && inner.key?(#{lookup_expr})) || (inner.respond_to?(:fetch) && #{lookup_expr}.is_a?(Integer)))"
+          expr.indent do
+            expr.line "inner[#{lookup_expr}].to_liquid"
+          end
+          if variable_lookup.command_flags & (1 << i) != 0
+            expr.line "elsif inner.respond_to?(#{lookup.inspect})"
+            expr.indent do
+              expr.line "inner.#{lookup}.to_liquid"
+            end
+          end
+          expr.line "end"
+        end
+      end
+      expr.line "end)"
+      expr.string.strip
+    end
+
+    private
+
+    def line(string)
+      output.line(string)
+    end
+
+    def echo(string)
+      unless @blank
+        line "liquid_out.write(to_output(#{string}))"
+      end
+    end
+
+    def indent(&block)
+      output.indent(&block)
+    end
+
+    def var(name)
+      name = name
+        .gsub('_', '__')
+        .gsub('-', '_')
+      "__liquid_#{name}"
+    end
+
+    def unvar(name)
+      name
+        .delete_prefix('__liquid_')
+        .gsub(/([^_])_([^_])/) { "#$1-#$2" }
+        .gsub('__', '_')
+    end
+
+    def hoist_var(name)
+      @variables << var(name)
+    end
+
+    attr_reader :output
+  end
+end

lib/liquid/tag.rb

@@ -5,8 +5,8 @@ module Liquid
     include ParserSwitching
 
     class << self
-      def parse(tag_name, markup, tokenizer, parse_context)
+      def parse(tag_name, markup, tokenizer, options)
-        tag = new(tag_name, markup, parse_context)
+        tag = new(tag_name, markup, options)
         tag.parse(tokenizer)
         tag
       end

lib/liquid/tags/assign.rb

@@ -10,10 +10,6 @@ module Liquid
   class Assign < Tag
     Syntax = /(#{VariableSignature}+)\s*=\s*(.*)\s*/om
 
-    def self.syntax_error_translation_key
-      "errors.syntax.assign".freeze
-    end
-
     attr_reader :to, :from
 
     def initialize(tag_name, markup, options)
@@ -22,7 +18,7 @@ module Liquid
         @to = $1
         @from = Variable.new($2, options)
       else
-        raise SyntaxError.new(options[:locale].t(self.class.syntax_error_translation_key))
+        raise SyntaxError.new options[:locale].t("errors.syntax.assign".freeze)
       end
     end
 

lib/liquid/tags/capture.rb

@@ -13,6 +13,8 @@ module Liquid
   class Capture < Block
     Syntax = /(#{VariableSignature}+)/o
 
+    attr_reader :to
+
     def initialize(tag_name, markup, options)
       super
       if markup =~ Syntax
@@ -33,6 +35,7 @@ module Liquid
     def blank?
       true
     end
+
   end
 
   Template.register_tag('capture'.freeze, Capture)

lib/liquid/tags/cycle.rb

@@ -15,7 +15,7 @@ module Liquid
     SimpleSyntax = /\A#{QuotedFragment}+/o
     NamedSyntax  = /\A(#{QuotedFragment})\s*\:\s*(.*)/om
 
-    attr_reader :variables
+    attr_reader :variables, :name
 
     def initialize(tag_name, markup, options)
       super

lib/liquid/tags/decrement.rb

@@ -23,6 +23,8 @@ module Liquid
       @variable = markup.strip
     end
 
+    attr_reader :variable
+
     def render_to_output_buffer(context, output)
       value = context.environments.first[@variable] ||= 0
       value -= 1

lib/liquid/tags/echo.rb

@@ -1,24 +0,0 @@
-module Liquid
-  # Echo outputs an expression
-  #
-  #   {% echo monkey %}
-  #   {% echo user.name %}
-  #
-  # This is identical to variable output syntax, like {{ foo }}, but works
-  # inside {% liquid %} tags. The full syntax is supported, including filters:
-  #
-  #   {% echo user | link %}
-  #
-  class Echo < Tag
-    def initialize(tag_name, markup, parse_context)
-      super
-      @variable = Variable.new(markup, parse_context)
-    end
-
-    def render(context)
-      @variable.render(context)
-    end
-  end
-
-  Template.register_tag('echo'.freeze, Echo)
-end

lib/liquid/tags/for.rb

@@ -46,7 +46,7 @@ module Liquid
   class For < Block
     Syntax = /\A(#{VariableSegment}+)\s+in\s+(#{QuotedFragment}+)\s*(reversed)?/o
 
-    attr_reader :collection_name, :variable_name, :limit, :from
+    attr_reader :collection_name, :variable_name, :limit, :from, :for_block, :else_block, :name, :reversed
 
     def initialize(tag_name, markup, options)
       super

lib/liquid/tags/increment.rb

@@ -20,6 +20,8 @@ module Liquid
       @variable = markup.strip
     end
 
+    attr_reader :variable
+
     def render_to_output_buffer(context, output)
       value = context.environments.first[@variable] ||= 0
       context.environments.first[@variable] = value + 1

lib/liquid/tags/raw.rb

@@ -3,6 +3,8 @@ module Liquid
     Syntax = /\A\s*\z/
     FullTokenPossiblyInvalid = /\A(.*)#{TagStart}\s*(\w+)\s*(.*)?#{TagEnd}\z/om
 
+    attr_reader :body
+
     def initialize(tag_name, markup, parse_context)
       super
 

lib/liquid/template.rb

@@ -206,7 +206,7 @@ module Liquid
 
       begin
         # render the nodelist.
-        # for performance reasons we get an array back here. join will make a string out of it.
+
         with_profiling(context) do
           @root.render_to_output_buffer(context, output || '')
         end

lib/liquid/tokenizer.rb

@@ -1,31 +1,25 @@
 module Liquid
   class Tokenizer
-    attr_reader :line_number, :for_liquid_tag
+    attr_reader :line_number
 
-    def initialize(source, line_numbers = false, line_number: nil, for_liquid_tag: false)
+    def initialize(source, line_numbers = false)
       @source = source
-      @line_number = line_number || (line_numbers ? 1 : nil)
+      @line_number = line_numbers ? 1 : nil
-      @for_liquid_tag = for_liquid_tag
       @tokens = tokenize
     end
 
     def shift
-      token = @tokens.shift or return
+      token = @tokens.shift
-
+      @line_number += token.count("\n") if @line_number && token
-      if @line_number
-        @line_number += @for_liquid_tag ? 1 : token.count("\n")
-      end
-
       token
     end
 
     private
 
     def tokenize
+      @source = @source.source if @source.respond_to?(:source)
       return [] if @source.to_s.empty?
 
-      return @source.split("\n") if @for_liquid_tag
-
       tokens = @source.split(TemplateParser)
 
       # removes the rogue empty element at the beginning of the array

lib/liquid/variable_lookup.rb

@@ -3,7 +3,7 @@ module Liquid
     SQUARE_BRACKETED = /\A\[(.*)\]\z/m
     COMMAND_METHODS = ['size'.freeze, 'first'.freeze, 'last'.freeze].freeze
 
-    attr_reader :name, :lookups
+    attr_reader :name, :lookups, :command_flags
 
     def self.parse(markup)
       new(markup)

performance/benchmark.rb

@@ -1,7 +1,16 @@
 require 'benchmark/ips'
 require_relative 'theme_runner'
 
-Liquid::Template.error_mode = ARGV.first.to_sym if ARGV.first
+case ARGV.first.to_sym
+when :lax
+  Liquid::Template.error_mode = ARGV.first.to_sym if ARGV.first
+when :strict
+  Liquid::Template.error_mode = ARGV.first.to_sym if ARGV.first
+when :superfluid
+  require 'liquid/superfluid'
+  Liquid::Template.error_mode = :strict
+end
+
 profiler = ThemeRunner.new
 
 Benchmark.ips do |x|

performance/memory_profile.rb

@@ -1,62 +1,26 @@
 # frozen_string_literal: true
 
-require 'benchmark/ips'
+requirf 'benchmark/ips'
 require 'memory_profiler'
-require 'terminal-table'
 require_relative 'theme_runner'
 
-class Profiler
+def profile(phase, &block)
-  LOG_LABEL   = "Profiling: ".rjust(14).freeze
+  puts
-  REPORTS_DIR = File.expand_path('.memprof', __dir__).freeze
+  puts "#{phase}:"
+  puts
 
-  def self.run
+  report = MemoryProfiler.report(&block)
-    puts
-    yield new
-  end
 
-  def initialize
+  report.pretty_print(
-    @allocated = []
+    color_output: true,
-    @retained  = []
+    scale_bytes: true,
-    @headings  = []
+    detailed_report: true
-  end
+  )
-
-  def profile(phase, &block)
-    print LOG_LABEL
-    print "#{phase}.. ".ljust(10)
-    report = MemoryProfiler.report(&block)
-    puts 'Done.'
-    @headings  << phase.capitalize
-    @allocated << "#{report.scale_bytes(report.total_allocated_memsize)} (#{report.total_allocated} objects)"
-    @retained  << "#{report.scale_bytes(report.total_retained_memsize)} (#{report.total_retained} objects)"
-
-    return if ENV['CI']
-    require 'fileutils'
-    report_file = File.join(REPORTS_DIR, "#{sanitize(phase)}.txt")
-    FileUtils.mkdir_p(REPORTS_DIR)
-    report.pretty_print(to_file: report_file, scale_bytes: true)
-  end
-
-  def tabulate
-    table = Terminal::Table.new(headings: @headings.unshift('Phase')) do |t|
-      t << @allocated.unshift('Total allocated')
-      t << @retained.unshift('Total retained')
-    end
-
-    puts
-    puts table
-    puts "\nDetailed report(s) saved to #{REPORTS_DIR}/" unless ENV['CI']
-  end
-
-  def sanitize(string)
-    string.downcase.gsub(/[\W]/, '-').squeeze('-')
-  end
 end
 
 Liquid::Template.error_mode = ARGV.first.to_sym if ARGV.first
 
-runner = ThemeRunner.new
+profiler = ThemeRunner.new
-Profiler.run do |x|
+
-  x.profile('parse') { runner.compile }
+profile("Parsing") { profiler.compile }
-  x.profile('render') { runner.render }
+profile("Rendering") { profiler.render }
-  x.tabulate
-end

test/integration/tags/echo_test.rb

@@ -1,11 +0,0 @@
-require 'test_helper'
-
-class EchoTest < Minitest::Test
-  include Liquid
-
-  def test_echo_outputs_its_input
-    assert_template_result('BAR', <<~LIQUID, { 'variable-name' => 'bar' })
-      {%- echo variable-name | upcase -%}
-    LIQUID
-  end
-end

test/integration/tags/liquid_tag_test.rb

@@ -1,104 +0,0 @@
-require 'test_helper'
-
-class LiquidTagTest < Minitest::Test
-  include Liquid
-
-  def test_liquid_tag
-    assert_template_result('1 2 3', <<~LIQUID, 'array' => [1, 2, 3])
-    {%- liquid
-      echo array | join: " "
-    -%}
-    LIQUID
-
-    assert_template_result('1 2 3', <<~LIQUID, 'array' => [1, 2, 3])
-    {%- liquid
-      for value in array
-        echo value
-        unless forloop.last
-          echo " "
-        endunless
-      endfor
-    -%}
-    LIQUID
-
-    assert_template_result('4 8 12 6', <<~LIQUID, 'array' => [1, 2, 3])
-    {%- liquid
-      for value in array
-        assign double_value = value | times: 2
-        echo double_value | times: 2
-        unless forloop.last
-          echo " "
-        endunless
-      endfor
-
-      echo " "
-      echo double_value
-    -%}
-    LIQUID
-
-    assert_template_result('abc', <<~LIQUID)
-    {%- liquid echo "a" -%}
-    b
-    {%- liquid echo "c" -%}
-    LIQUID
-  end
-
-  def test_liquid_tag_errors
-    assert_match_syntax_error("syntax error (line 1): Unknown tag 'error'", <<~LIQUID)
-    {%- liquid error no such tag -%}
-    LIQUID
-
-    assert_match_syntax_error("syntax error (line 7): Unknown tag 'error'", <<~LIQUID)
-    {{ test }}
-
-    {%-
-    liquid
-      for value in array
-
-        error no such tag
-      endfor
-    -%}
-    LIQUID
-
-    assert_match_syntax_error("syntax error (line 2): Unknown tag '!!! the guards are vigilant'", <<~LIQUID)
-    {%- liquid
-      !!! the guards are vigilant
-    -%}
-    LIQUID
-
-    assert_match_syntax_error("syntax error (line 4): 'for' tag was never closed", <<~LIQUID)
-    {%- liquid
-      for value in array
-        echo 'forgot to close the for tag'
-    -%}
-    LIQUID
-  end
-
-  def test_line_number_is_correct_after_a_blank_token
-    assert_match_syntax_error("syntax error (line 3): Unknown tag 'error'", "{% liquid echo ''\n\n error %}")
-    assert_match_syntax_error("syntax error (line 3): Unknown tag 'error'", "{% liquid echo ''\n  \n error %}")
-  end
-
-  def test_cannot_open_blocks_living_past_a_liquid_tag
-    assert_match_syntax_error("syntax error (line 3): 'if' tag was never closed", <<~LIQUID)
-    {%- liquid
-      if true
-    -%}
-    {%- endif -%}
-    LIQUID
-  end
-
-  def test_quirk_can_close_blocks_created_before_a_liquid_tag
-    assert_template_result("42", <<~LIQUID)
-    {%- if true -%}
-    42
-    {%- liquid endif -%}
-    LIQUID
-  end
-
-  def test_liquid_tag_in_raw
-    assert_template_result("{% liquid echo 'test' %}\n", <<~LIQUID)
-    {% raw %}{% liquid echo 'test' %}{% endraw %}
-    LIQUID
-  end
-end

test/integration/variable_test.rb

@@ -80,7 +80,10 @@ class VariableTest < Minitest::Test
     assigns['test'] = 'Tobi'
     assert_equal 'Hello Tobi', template.render!(assigns)
     assigns.delete('test')
-    assert_equal "Hello ", template.render!(assigns)
+    e = assert_raises(RuntimeError) do
+      template.render!(assigns)
+    end
+    assert_equal "Unknown variable 'test'", e.message
   end
 
   def test_multiline_variable

test/test_helper.rb

@@ -19,6 +19,11 @@ if ENV['LIQUID-C'] == '1'
   require 'liquid/c'
 end
 
+if ENV['SUPERFLUID'] == '1'
+  puts "-- SUPERFLUID"
+  require 'liquid/superfluid'
+end
+
 if Minitest.const_defined?('Test')
   # We're on Minitest 5+. Nothing to do here.
 else
@@ -37,18 +42,18 @@ module Minitest
     include Liquid
 
     def assert_template_result(expected, template, assigns = {}, message = nil)
-      assert_equal expected, Template.parse(template, line_numbers: true).render!(assigns), message
+      assert_equal expected, Template.parse(template).render!(assigns), message
     end
 
     def assert_template_result_matches(expected, template, assigns = {}, message = nil)
       return assert_template_result(expected, template, assigns, message) unless expected.is_a? Regexp
 
-      assert_match expected, Template.parse(template, line_numbers: true).render!(assigns), message
+      assert_match expected, Template.parse(template).render!(assigns), message
     end
 
     def assert_match_syntax_error(match, template, assigns = {})
       exception = assert_raises(Liquid::SyntaxError) do
-        Template.parse(template, line_numbers: true).render(assigns)
+        Template.parse(template).render(assigns)
       end
       assert_match match, exception.message
     end