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When a root key is rotated, the servers immediately start signing Workload Identities with the new active key. But workloads may be using those WI tokens to sign into external services, which may not have had time to fetch the new public key and which might try to fetch new keys as needed. Add support for prepublishing keys. Prepublished keys will be visible in the JWKS endpoint but will not be used for signing or encryption until their `PublishTime`. Update the periodic key rotation to prepublish keys at half the `root_key_rotation_threshold` window, and promote prepublished keys to active after the `PublishTime`. This changeset also fixes two bugs in periodic root key rotation and garbage collection, both of which can't be safely fixed without implementing prepublishing: * Periodic root key rotation would never happen because the default `root_key_rotation_threshold` of 720h exceeds the 72h maximum window of the FSM time table. We now compare the `CreateTime` against the wall clock time instead of the time table. (We expect to remove the time table in future work, ref https://github.com/hashicorp/nomad/issues/16359) * Root key garbage collection could GC keys that were used to sign identities. We now wait until `root_key_rotation_threshold` + `root_key_gc_threshold` before GC'ing a key. * When rekeying a root key, the core job did not mark the key as inactive after the rekey was complete. Ref: https://hashicorp.atlassian.net/browse/NET-10398 Ref: https://hashicorp.atlassian.net/browse/NET-10280 Fixes: https://github.com/hashicorp/nomad/issues/19669 Fixes: https://github.com/hashicorp/nomad/issues/23528 Fixes: https://github.com/hashicorp/nomad/issues/19368
Nomad
Nomad is a simple and flexible workload orchestrator to deploy and manage containers (docker, podman), non-containerized applications (executable, Java), and virtual machines (qemu) across on-prem and clouds at scale.
Nomad is supported on Linux, Windows, and macOS. A commercial version of Nomad, Nomad Enterprise, is also available.
- Website: https://developer.hashicorp.com/nomad
- Tutorials: HashiCorp Developer
- Forum: Discuss
Nomad provides several key features:
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Deploy Containers and Legacy Applications: Nomad’s flexibility as an orchestrator enables an organization to run containers, legacy, and batch applications together on the same infrastructure. Nomad brings core orchestration benefits to legacy applications without needing to containerize via pluggable task drivers.
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Simple & Reliable: Nomad runs as a single binary and is entirely self contained - combining resource management and scheduling into a single system. Nomad does not require any external services for storage or coordination. Nomad automatically handles application, node, and driver failures. Nomad is distributed and resilient, using leader election and state replication to provide high availability in the event of failures.
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Device Plugins & GPU Support: Nomad offers built-in support for GPU workloads such as machine learning (ML) and artificial intelligence (AI). Nomad uses device plugins to automatically detect and utilize resources from hardware devices such as GPU, FPGAs, and TPUs.
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Federation for Multi-Region, Multi-Cloud: Nomad was designed to support infrastructure at a global scale. Nomad supports federation out-of-the-box and can deploy applications across multiple regions and clouds.
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Proven Scalability: Nomad is optimistically concurrent, which increases throughput and reduces latency for workloads. Nomad has been proven to scale to clusters of 10K+ nodes in real-world production environments.
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HashiCorp Ecosystem: Nomad integrates seamlessly with Terraform, Consul, Vault for provisioning, service discovery, and secrets management.
Quick Start
Testing
See Developer: Getting Started for instructions on setting up a local Nomad cluster for non-production use.
Optionally, find Terraform manifests for bringing up a development Nomad cluster on a public cloud in the terraform directory.
Production
See Developer: Nomad Reference Architecture for recommended practices and a reference architecture for production deployments.
Documentation
Full, comprehensive documentation is available on the Nomad website: https://developer.hashicorp.com/nomad/docs
Guides are available on HashiCorp Developer.
Roadmap
A timeline of major features expected for the next release or two can be found in the Public Roadmap.
This roadmap is a best guess at any given point, and both release dates and projects in each release are subject to change. Do not take any of these items as commitments, especially ones later than one major release away.
Contributing
See the contributing directory for more developer documentation.